LPS has been shown to bind physically to the influenza A virus and inactivate it (*1).
It has been previously reported that symbiotic bacteria (such as intestinal bacteria) interact with the host’s immune system to eliminate the virus (*2). Although it is an anthropomorphic expression, because the virus that threatens the health of the host is an annoying invader for symbiotic bacteria, they will cooperate with the host to fight against the virus. However, it was unknown whether symbiotic bacteria could interact directly with the virus.
In this regard, Bandoro et al. reported that enterobacteria significantly reduced the stability of the influenza A virus. Furthermore, it was found that same the effect could also be obtained with LPS derived from Gram-negative bacteria, even if it were not a living bacterium (*1).
The inactivation effect of LPS on the influenza virus became remarkable at 37 °C or higher. The authors suspected that this was because the elevated temperature altered the structure of the virus so that the LPS binding site was exposed. This paper showed that the incubation of LPS and influenza H1N1 PR8 virus at 37 °C markedly altered the virus morphology (structure).
※Extracted from Fig. 5 of open journal literature (*1)
Transmission electron micrographs of H1N1 PR8 after incubation for 1 h at 37°C in either water (control) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Representative micrographs were taken at magnifications of 4,800 and 49,000. LPS ribbons (black arrows) and compromised virion membranes (black arrowheads outlined in white) are labeled. Bars, black, 1 m; white, 100 nm.
The authors believed that this finding might lead to the development of methods to prevent and treat respiratory infections. It also warned that the overuse of antibiotics in poultry and pig farming not only increases the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria but also increases the risk of viral infection.
（*1）Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Destabilizes Influenza Viruses American Society for Microbiology, September/October 2017 Volume 2 Issue 5 e00267-17 (2017)
https://msphere.asm.org/content/2/5/e00267-17 （*2）Transkingdom Control of Microbiota Diurnal Oscillations Promotes Metabolic Homeostasis Cell, 159: 514–529 (2014)
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