世界のLPS関連研究

LPSの有用性

（１）近年の先進国でのアレルギーの増加はLPS暴露量の低下に起因する

Environmental exposure to endotoxin and its relation to asthma in school-age children. Braun-Fahrländer C, Riedler J, Herz U, Eder W, Waser M, Grize L, Maisch S, Carr D, Gerlach F, Bufe A, Lauener RP, Schierl R, Renz H, Nowak D, von Mutius E; Allergy and Endotoxin Study Team. The New England Journal of Medicine 347 (12): 869-77 (2002)

（２）LPSの舌下投与は、インフルエンザワクチンの効果を高める

A Lipopolysaccharide from Pantoea Agglomerans Is a Promising Adjuvant for Sublingual Vaccines to Induce Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses in Mice via TLR4 Pathway. Fukasaka M, Asari D, Kiyotoh E, Okazaki A, Gomi Y, Tanimoto T, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Hori M. PLoS One 10 (5): e0126849.

（３）LPSの炎症抑制作用にTregが関与している

Lipopolysaccharide-activated CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells inhibit neutrophil function and promote their apoptosis and death. Lewkowicz P, Lewkowicz N, Sasiak A, Tchórzewski H. J Immunol. 177 (10): 7155-7163 (2006)

（４）抗生物質投与により生体内抗菌物質の産生が低下し、抗生物質耐性菌が増える。しかし抗生物質と共にLPSを経口摂取すれば、生体内抗菌物質が誘導され耐性菌の繁殖も抑制できる

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci exploit antibiotic-induced innate immune deficits. Brandl K, Plitas G, Mihu CN, Ubeda C, Jia T, Fleisher M, Schnabl B, DeMatteo RP, Pamer EG. Nature 455 (7214): 804-807 (2008)

（５）抗生物質はがん免疫療法の効果を低下させるが、LPSはそれを回避する

Commensal bacteria control cancer response to therapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment. Iida N, Dzutsev A, Stewart CA, Smith L, Bouladoux N, Weingarten RA, Molina DA, Salcedo R, Back T, Cramer S, Dai RM, Kiu H, Cardone M, Naik S, Patri AK, Wang E, Marincola FM, Frank KM, Belkaid Y, Trinchieri G, Goldszmid RS. Science 342 (6161): 967-970 (2013)

（６）十全大補湯の免疫活性化にLPSが成分として関与している可能性あり

Uncovering potential 'herbal probiotics' in Juzen-taiho-to through the study of associated bacterial populations. Montenegro D, Kalpana K, Chrissian C, Sharma A, Takaoka A, Iacovidou M, Soll CE, Aminova O, Heguy A, Cohen L, Shen S, Kawamura A. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 25 (3): 466–469 (2015)